Kev Koom Tes Nyeem Ntawv: Qhov Sawv Los Ntawm Shisha: Los Ntawm Middle Eastern Cafés Rau Cov Khoom Haus Luam Yeeb Ntiaj Teb

Kev Koom Tes Nyeem Ntawv: Kev Sawv Cev ntawm Shisha: Los Ntawm Middle Eastern Cafés mus rau Ntiaj Teb Nrov Cov Khoom Haus Luam Yeeb

Kev lag luam tsom xam cov tuam txhab Valuate kuj kwv yees tias kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb rau cov khoom luam yeeb hookah tseem nyob hauv Middle East thiab Africa. Lawv hais tias qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws kev lag luam sib koom yog tuav los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Tus nqi kwv yees tias kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb rau cov khoom luam yeeb hookah yuav muaj nqis tshaj $ 800 lab hauv 2022 thiab kwv yees tias kev lag luam yuav ze li ob npaug los ntawm 2029.

Nco tseg tshwj xeeb:

 

1. Zaj lus no yog ib pab neeg nyeem thiab tau muab kho kom tau raws li qhov xav tau kev nyeem ntawv. Cov kev xav tau hais hauv tsab xov xwm tsuas yog sawv cev rau tus kheej txoj haujlwm thiab tsis sawv cev rau txoj haujlwm ntawm ob lub siab tshaj plaws.

 

2. Ob tug supremes xa mus rau tsab xov xwm no los qhia cov ntaub ntawv, tsis mus pom zoo los yog txhawb nws cov ntsiab lus.

 

3. Ob tug supreme tau txais daim ntawv tso cai los luam tawm. Cov neeg nyeem yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas nws qhov tseeb, ua tiav, kev ntseeg tau, thiab ceev faj txog cov kev xav thiab cov lus pom muaj nyob hauv.

 

Waterpipe muaj ntau lub npe nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, xws li narghileh, shisha, hookah, hubble-bubble, thiab bong.

 

Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb (WHO) txhais cov kav dej haus luam yeeb (WTS) yog "ib txoj kev haus luam yeeb uas haus luam yeeb lossis tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw yog haus luam yeeb siv ib lossis ntau lub kav dej, nrog cov pa luam yeeb hla dej lossis lwm yam kua ua ntej mus txog tus neeg haus luam yeeb." Qee lub tebchaws muaj lawv tus kheej txhais cov kav dej.

 

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm WTS tsis meej. Nws tau nrov ntawm cov txiv neej laus hauv Middle East thaum xyoo 19th lig, tab sis nrog kev qhia txog kev haus luam yeeb qab zib thiab tsw qab thaum ntxov xyoo 1990, WTS tau nrov heev ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab nthuav tawm thoob plaws ntiaj teb los ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab tsev kawm ntawv.

 

Raws li "café kab lis kev cai" tau tsim nyob rau hauv Middle East thiab thoob ntiaj teb, kev lees txais kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kav dej txuas ntxiv nce ntxiv, thiab cov kav dej hauv khw noj mov, tsev noj mov thiab tuav tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib sau ua ke rau cov tub ntxhais hluas, vim tias pawg phooj ywg tuaj yeem sib koom cov kav dej. rau lub sijhawm ntev thiab haus luam yeeb maj mam. Cov neeg ncig tebchaws coj tus cwj pwm dej rov qab los rau lawv lub tebchaws, thiab cov neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws tuaj ntawm Middle East tau qhib cov kav dej thiab cov khw noj mov thoob ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, cov kav dej sib kis dhau ntawm Middle East thiab koom ua ke hauv kev lag luam luam yeeb thoob ntiaj teb. Thaum lwm thaj chaw muaj kev txwv rau kev tshaj tawm luam yeeb, cov khoom lag luam tau tshaj tawm thoob plaws Middle East los ntawm satellite TV, internet, thiab kev tshaj xov xwm. Raws li cov xov xwm no tsis muaj kev tswj hwm ntau, kev lag luam muaj peev xwm hla kev tshaj tawm txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm.

 

Multinational luam yeeb tuam txhab uas muag 'layout

 

Keeb kwm, cov tuam txhab luam yeeb ntau lub teb chaws tau qhia me ntsis kev txaus siab rau cov khoom luam yeeb hookah. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam luam yeeb qhia tau hais tias, tshwj tsis yog qee qhov "hooch-inspired" cov khoom lag luam uas tsis tau dhau los, cov tuam txhab luam yeeb tsis tau tsom mus rau hookah haus luam yeeb thiab nws cov khoom siv.

 

Qhov xwm txheej no txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 2012, thaum Nyiv Tobacco International (JTI) tau txais lub tuam txhab Egyptian Al Nakhla. Thaum lub sij hawm, Al Nakhla yog lub ntiaj teb loj tshaj plaws chaw tsim tshuaj paus ntawm hookah haus luam yeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm li ntawd los, qhov no tau suav hais tias yog lub tswv yim los ua kom muag luam yeeb.

 

Xyoo 2019, Philip Morris International (PMI) tau thov rau patent rau "hooch-inspired ntaus ntawv rau cua sov substrate yam tsis muaj combustion." Txawm li cas los xij, txij li xyoo 2023, cov khoom lag luam tseem tsis tau nthuav tawm hauv khw.

 

Yuav siv hookah li cas

Thaum haus luam yeeb hookah, ib qho khoom siv xws li ib qho qhia hauv daim duab 1 yog siv. Thaum tus neeg haus luam yeeb nqus cua los ntawm lub qhov ncauj, ib qho hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ua rau lub hookah tawm hauv lub taub hau ntawm lub cuab yeej. Qhov cua sov no tsim cov pa taws, uas taug kev los ntawm lub cev ntawm lub cuab yeej thiab mus rau hauv lub tais ntim dej. Tus neeg haus luam yeeb rub tawm cua los ntawm lub hose txuas nrog rau sab saum toj ntawm lub tais, kos cov pa luam yeeb rau hauv dej, tsim npuas, thiab thaum kawg nqus pa los ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Feem ntau, lub taub hau yog ntim nrog flavored thiab sweetened haus luam yeeb, sib cais los ntawm charcoal los ntawm ib tug perforated txhuas ntawv ci. Txawm hais tias cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb thiab cov yam ntxwv yuav txawv ntawm cheeb tsam, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yeej ib txwm zoo ib yam: cov pa luam yeeb yog lim los ntawm dej.

 

Hluav taws xob hookahs lossis hluav taws xob hookah cwjmem tsis yog cov khoom siv hookah vim lawv tsis koom nrog cov hluav taws kub. Lawv raug cais raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nicotine, zoo ib yam li cov luam yeeb hauv hluav taws xob, uas cov kua qab zib yog hluav taws xob cua sov los tsim cov aerosol inhalable.

 

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm flavors

 

Kev lig kev cai, hookah haus luam yeeb (WT) siv cov ntawv luam yeeb uas tsis muaj tsw (Ajami, Tumbak, lossis Jurak). Txawm li cas los xij, txij li xyoo 1990, cov luam yeeb tsw qab tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam.

 

Hom WTS flavored haus luam yeeb ntau tshaj plaws yog Maasel (los yog Mo'assel), los yog "ziab" luam yeeb, uas yog tsim los ntawm ib feem peb ntawm cov luam yeeb thiab ob feem peb zib mu thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo flavors, feem ntau yog ib tug sib tov ntawm luam yeeb, molasses (ib tug tuab. syrup ua los ntawm cov qab zib nyoos), glycerine, thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo flavors. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov neeg laus Lebanese tau qhia tias kev qhia txog kev haus luam yeeb tshiab tau ua rau tib neeg pib WTS thiab nce lawv siv. Ib yam li ntawd, ib txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv Iran tau qhia tias ntau yam "kev ntxias" ua rau muaj kev siv WTS ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov poj niam.

 

Tsis tas li ntawd, ib txoj kev tshawb fawb Askiv tau pom tias tib neeg ntseeg yuam kev tias kev haus luam yeeb muaj kev nyab xeeb dua li luam yeeb "vim nws muaj ntxhiab tsw qab ntxiag thiab fruity saj."

 

Cov teebmeem kev noj qab haus huv

 

Muaj pov thawj tias hookah yog qhov muaj yees, ib yam li lwm yam khoom haus luam yeeb thiab nicotine.

 

Zoo li luam yeeb thiab luam yeeb, hookah yog tshuaj lom thiab carcinogenic. Ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias cov pa luam yeeb hookah muaj 27 tus paub lossis xav tias muaj cov kab mob carcinogens. Vim tias hookah feem ntau sib koom, nws kuj yog hom kev sib kis ntawm cov kab mob sib kis, uas tshwj xeeb yog kev txhawj xeeb thaum lub sij hawm COVID-19 muaj thoob qhov txhia chaw. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev haus luam yeeb hauv dej muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm luv thiab ntev rau kev noj qab haus huv rau cov neeg siv, nrog rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov pa luam yeeb thib ob.

Ntau pawg neeg siv ntseeg tias cov pa luam yeeb hauv dej tsis muaj teeb meem tsawg dua li cov luam yeeb vim nws tau lim los ntawm dej. Qhov kev ntseeg no tau ua rau muaj kev muaj koob meej zuj zus thiab lees txais kev haus luam yeeb hauv dej.

 

Txawm li cas los xij, cov kav dej muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg zoo sib xws lossis ntau dua li cov luam yeeb, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo ib yam ntawm cov hlwb raws li cov khoom siv, suav nrog cov kab mob ntsws thiab cov hlab ntsha.

 

Kev lag luam nkag mus

 

Ib xyoo 2018 kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm 129 cov kev tshawb fawb los ntawm 68 lub teb chaws pom tias WTS yog cov neeg laus siab tshaj plaws nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Mediterranean Region (EMR). Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, cov nqi siv tau zoo sib xws hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab EMR. Sib piv WTS hauv cov neeg laus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas, txoj kev tshawb fawb pom tias thoob ntiaj teb, kev haus luam yeeb ntau dua ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas.

 

Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb tau tshaj tawm kev sib tham ntawm WTS hauv xyoo 2015, sau tseg tias txawm hais tias WTS ib txwm cuam tshuam nrog Eastern Mediterranean Thaj Chaw, Southeast Asia, thiab North Africa, WTS tau pib kis ntawm cov neeg laus ntawm ob qho tib si thoob ntiaj teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, WHO kuj tau sau tseg tias WTS tau loj hlob sai heev ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm theem pib, theem nrab thiab tsev kawm qib siab.

 

Txoj Cai thiab Kev Cai

 

Hauv ntau lub tebchaws khwv tau nyiaj siab, cov khoom siv dej tsis raug rau cov cai tswj kev haus luam yeeb. Hauv ntau lub tebchaws tau nyiaj tsawg, txawm tias muaj txoj cai, kev tswj hwm tsis muaj zog. Txawm hais tias flavoring yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev nyiam cov tub ntxhais hluas, kev txwv tsis pub haus cawv feem ntau tsis npog cov khoom haus luam yeeb hauv dej. Yog li ntawd, kev loj hlob ntawm WTS thoob ntiaj teb tau raug tswj tsis tau ntau.

 

Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Lub Koom Haum Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) txhais cov khoom lag luam luam yeeb yog "cov khoom lag luam ua tag nrho lossis ib nrab ntawm cov nplooj ntawv luam yeeb rau kev haus luam yeeb, nqus, zom lossis snuffing." Cov ntsiab lus no suav nrog cov khoom siv luam yeeb hauv dej. Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control) tau tshaj tawm qhov kev txiav txim siab COP tshwj xeeb rau kev tswj hwm kev haus luam yeeb hauv dej:

 

Ntawm Lub Rooj Sib Tham Thib Peb ntawm Cov Neeg Koom Tes (COP3) hauv xyoo 2008, Cov tog tau raug caw los txiav txim siab qhia txog kev ceeb toom kev noj qab haus huv thiab cov lus ntawm kev ntim luam yeeb (xws li ntim cov kav dej) thiab siv cov kev ntsuas tshiab kom xav tau cov lus ceeb toom kev noj qab haus huv thiab cov lus kom luam tawm ntawm cov cuab yeej siv los haus cov kav dej. .

Xyoo 2014, Lub Rooj Sab Laj Rau Lub Rooj Sib Tham (COP6) tau caw Cov Neeg Koom Tes los ntxiv dag zog rau kev siv WHO FCTC ntawm cov kav dej, suav nrog kev saib xyuas lawv siv thiab ua kev tshawb fawb ntawm lawv cov khw. Qhov kev txiav txim siab kuj tau caw lub Convention Secretariat los ua haujlwm nrog WHO los txhawb cov teb chaws hauv kev tswj cov kav dej.

Lub Rooj Sab Laj Xya ntawm Pawg Neeg (COP7) hauv 2016 tau muab cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxiv rau Cov Neeg Koom Tes, suav nrog kev txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom qab zib hauv cov khoom siv dej.

Lub Rooj Sib Tham Yim Lub Rooj Sib Tham (COP8) hauv 2018 tau txiav txim siab txog kev ua raws li Tshooj 9 thiab 10 ntawm Lub Rooj Sib Tham (kev tswj hwm cov ntsiab lus thiab nthuav tawm cov khoom lag luam luam yeeb, suav nrog cov kav dej, cov luam yeeb tsis muaj pa taws thiab cov khoom siv luam yeeb), suav nrog kev tsim cov pab pawg kws tshaj lij los kawm txog cov laj thawj ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsawg ntawm Tshooj 9 thiab 10 ntawm Cov Lus Cog Tseg.

 

Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2016, Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv ntawm WHO FCTC tau kos npe rau Kev Nkag Siab nrog American University of Beirut, ua kom nws yog lub chaw paub thoob ntiaj teb ntawm WTS, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev kawm, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav pab ua raws li Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo.

 

Xyoo 2018, WTS Knowledge Hub tau nthuav tawm tsab ntawv ceeb toom rau Lub Rooj Sib Tham 8th ntawm Cov Neeg Koom Tes rau WHO FCTC cov ntsiab lus ntawm Cov Koom Haum cov cai ntawm kev siv cov kav dej. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm, hloov kho xyoo 2022, pom tias ntau dua li ib nrab (47) ntawm 90 lub teb chaws tau tshuaj xyuas muaj cov cai hauv qhov chaw cuam tshuam txog kev siv cov kav dej. Feem ntau ntawm cov cai (ze li 45%) yog nyob hauv Europe, nrog rau 21% hauv EMR.

 

Thaum lub sijhawm COVID-19 kis thoob qhov txhia chaw, ntau lub tebchaws tau txwv tsis pub siv cov kav dej ib ntus txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev kis tus kabmob. Hauv cheeb tsam EMR ib leeg, 17 lub tebchaws txwv tsis pub siv cov kav dej hauv cov chaw pej xeem.

 

Ob lub kav dej thiab cov khoom haus luam yeeb tau raug zam los ntawm EU flavoring txwv txiav los ntawm 2014 European Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) thiab tau siv rau xyoo 2020. Daim ntawv qhia tshiab tau tshaj tawm xyoo 2022 thiab yuav pib siv rau xyoo 2023. Cov lus qhia tshem tawm qhov kev zam, nqa cov kev cai ntawm cov khoom no nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog luam yeeb thiab xuas tes dov. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov dej haus luam yeeb nrog "tus yam ntxwv tsw" yuav tsis raug cai muag hauv EU lawm.

 

Hookah Market

 

Pab pawg neeg tawm tswv yim Nws Tseem Tobacco kwv yees tias nruab nrab ntawm 54% thiab 69% ntawm cov khoom lag luam hookah thoob ntiaj teb tau muag hauv Middle East thiab Africa (MENA) ntawm 2016 thiab 2017.

 

Kev lag luam tsom xam cov tuam txhab Valuate kuj kwv yees tias kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb rau cov khoom luam yeeb hookah tseem nyob hauv Middle East thiab Africa. Lawv hais tias qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws kev lag luam sib koom yog tuav los ntawm Europe. Tus nqi kwv yees tias lub ntiaj teb kev ua lag luam rau cov khoom luam yeeb hookah muaj nqis tshaj $ 800 lab hauv 2022 thiab kwv yees tias kev lag luam yuav ze li ob npaug ntawm qhov loj los ntawm 2029.

 

Kev lag luam tshawb fawb tuam txhab Euromonitor International kwv yees hookah cov khoom muag tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov yeeb nkab dav dav, ua rau nws nyuaj rau kwv yees kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb tshwj xeeb rau cov luam yeeb hookah. Txawm li cas los xij, cov npe hookah tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Hauv 2022, JTI thiab Al Nakhla tuav qhov loj tshaj plaws, suav txog ze li 13% ntawm tag nrho cov yeeb nkab yeeb nkab ua lag luam, ua raws li Al Fakher thiab Eastern hom (xws li Moassel), nrog rau thaj tsam 12% thiab 8%, feem.