Lwm qhov kev dag ntxias: kev tsim txom ntawm E-luam yeeb yog qhov ntau dua li ntawm kev ua luam yeeb? Tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis tseeb los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb nrov yog tsis pom zoo.
Tso lus
E-luam yeeb, raws li hom luam yeeb tshiab hloov chaw, tau txais tau nrov nrov thoob ntiaj teb nyob rau xyoo tas los no. Nrog kev nthuav dav ntawm kev ua lag luam nplai, kev sib cav txog kev phom sij ntawm E-luam yeeb tau dhau los ua kev loj hlob ntau. Ib tug dav hlau sib kis tau tuav tau tias qhov kev phom sij ntawm E-luam yeeb ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yaj kiab ib txwm muaj, thiab qee qhov kev sib cais nws txawm muab nws cov npe ntawm "cov khoom siv niaj hnub". Qhov no "kev tsim txom ntawm E-luam yeeb yog ntau dua li cov kev ua yeeb yaj kiab" sib cav tau sib tw ntau zaus, ua rau muaj ntau chanic. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum peb txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv qhov tob, peb yuav pom tias qhov kev pom tseeb no muaj cov lus pom zoo "kev xav pom zoo" lus nyiam suab paj nruag.
Raws li "Kev Luam Yeeb Kev Luam Yeeb Thoob Ntiaj Teb" Tshaj Tawm los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Thoob Ntiaj Teb, thiab cov neeg tuag thoob plaws txhua xyoo vim yog 8 lab. Lub caij no, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv hauv ntiaj teb E-Cigarette tau nce txog 85 lab, thiab kev lag luam loj tau mus txog 125 billion US las. Hauv Suav teb, muaj txog li 300 lab cov neeg siv khoom haus yeeb tshuaj thiab kwv yees li 15 lab e-luam yeeb cov neeg siv. Tom qab cov neeg loj loj no dag qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntsig txog kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem.
Ua ntej sib tham txog kev sib piv ntawm cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm e-luam yeeb thiab cov luam yeeb ib txwm, peb yuav tsum qhia meej qhov sib txawv ntawm ob. Luam tawm tshuaj txhuam luam yeeb los ntawm cov pa luam yeeb los ntawm kev sib txuas, uas muaj dhau 7, {{}} cov tshuaj lom neeg, nrog rau 69 paub Carcinogens. Ntawm qhov tod tes, e-luam yeeb ua kua aerosol los ntawm cua sov ua kua, nrog lub ntsiab ntawm cov nicotine, propylene glycol, zaub glycerin thiab tsw. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tsis muaj kev sib tw nyob rau hauv uas luam yeeb tshuaj lom ib txwm muaj los ntawm kev sib txuas, thaum muaj kev phom sij ntau thaum lub sijhawm cua sov thiab evaporation.
Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb Tshiab los ntawm Pej Xeem Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Askiv hauv 2024 qhia tias E-luam yeeb txo cov tshuaj muaj kev phom sij los ntawm kwv yees li 95% piv rau luam yeeb tshuaj ib txwm muaj. Qhov kev xaus no yog raws cov kev sib piv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov zaub mov hauv E-luam yeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau Benzo [A] Pyrene thiab Nitrosamines. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau hais txog dav los ntawm cov tsev koom ua ke uas muaj cov koom haum xws li Kev Tshawb Fawb Cancer UK thiab Royal Society of cov tshuaj hauv tebchaws Askiv.
Kev tshawb nrhiav cov tshuaj lom los ntawm Chaw Tswj Xyuas Khoom Noj thiab Tshuaj FDA tseem qhia tau tias cov tshuaj lom hluav taws xob hauv cov pa luam yeeb yog qhov qis dua li qhov ntawd ua ib txwm luam yeeb. Kev tshawb fawb tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 2023 hauv "Kev Tshawb Xyuas Kev Lom Zem" uas tau haus luam yeeb hauv lub cev ntev yog 56% rau ntawm cov neeg uas tau haus luam yeeb, nce qib ntawm cov neeg uas tsis tau haus luam yeeb txhua tus.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis txhais tau tias E-luam yeeb yog "nyab xeeb". E-luam yeeb ua rau cov kev pheej hmoo muaj kev noj qab haus huv, tab sis piv rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, lawv cov kev phom sij yog qhov qis dua. Qhov kev tshawb fawb kawg qhia tau tias lub vapor los ntawm E-luam yeeb tawm ntawm E-luam yeeb muaj cov khoom siv hlau, qee yam khoom sib xyaw thiab cov khoom qab. Kev nqus tau ntev ntev yuav ua rau cov lus teb rau cov lus teb thiab oxidative kev puas tsuaj rau lub tshuab ua pa. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb nthuav qhia nyob rau ntawm 2024 American Boracic Pejthic lub rooj sib tham txhua lub rooj sib tham txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm E-luam yeeb yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntev ntev thiab mob hawb pob, txawm hais tias qhov kev pheej hmoo ntev yog kwv yees li ntawm kev haus luam yeeb.
Vim li cas qhov kev tsis zoo siab tias "luam yeeb hauv hluav taws xob muaj kev phom sij ntau dua li kev ua yeeb yaj kiab tsoos" tshwm sim? Qhov no muaj feem xyuam rau ob peb qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb heev los ntawm kev tshaj xov xwm. Txoj kev raug mob "ntsuas" (kev raug mob ntsws uas cuam tshuam nrog kev siv luam yeeb hauv hluav taws xob Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tshawb fawb tom qab tau paub tseeb tias cov xwm txheej no tsuas cuam tshuam nrog cov luam yeeb tsis raug cai Cov Chaw rau Cov Kev Tswj Xyuas Kab Mob thiab Tiv Thaiv (CDC) ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau ua kom pom meej meej ua tsis tau zoo ib yam li kev ceeb toom thawj zaug.
Qee cov xov xwm tshaj tawm xov xwm ua tsis tau cov pej xeem los ntawm kev noj cov kab lus cais tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus teb. Piv txwv li, txoj kev tshawb fawb pom tias qhov siab meej ntawm qee cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb (xws li qee cov aldehydes yuav siab dua cov kev ua luam yeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no xaus lus tsis lees txais ob qho lus tseem ceeb: Ua ntej, cov kev tshawb fawb no feem ntau tau ua raws li tsis siv cov kev siv hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj zog; Thib ob, cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm ib qho sib txuas tsis sib npaug rau lub siab nyiam toxicity tag nrho. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov tshuaj lom yuav tsum xav txog cov teebmeem kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm txhua yam tshuaj lom neeg. Kev tsom xam meta-tsom xam luam tawm nyob rau hauv 2024 tsab tswj hwm ntawm "cov ntawv luam yeeb ntawm cov khoom siv tsis zoo, cov khoom siv phom sij tag nrho hauv cov pa luam yeeb hauv E-Cigitia cov pa luam yeeb.
Yuav ua li cas cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov luam yeeb hauv hluav taws xob sib piv nrog cov ntawm cov tshuaj daab? Raws li "kev txheeb xyuas kev noj qab haus huv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov luam yeeb hauv Tebchaws Meskas hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas hauv 2024, peb tuaj yeem ua kev sib piv los ntawm cov hauv qab no:
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov kab mob plawv, kev ua luam yeeb ib txwm muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm E-luam yeeb yog li 25% {% siab dua li cov kev ua yeeb yaj kiab. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov neeg haus luam yeeb qub uas hloov mus rau E-luam yeeb muaj kev ntaus cim 42% tom qab 5 mmg.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub ntsws mob cancer, kev pheej hmoo mob ntsws rau cov uas haus luam yeeb ib txwm haus luam yeeb yog 15 txog 30 npaug siab dua li cov neeg haus luam yeeb. Txawm hais tias lub sij hawm ntev ntev ntawm e-luam yeeb tseem xav tau ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv carcinogenic los ntawm kev ua luam yeeb yaj kiab, thiab inoretically, kev pheej hmoo mob cancer tseem yuav raug txo kom tsawg. Tus qauv ntawm kev tshawb fawb cancer UK kwv yees tias kev pheej hmoo ntsws ntawm cov luam yeeb ntev ntawm e-luam yeeb yuav tsuas yog li 1/20 ntawm qhov txuas ntxiv mus haus luam yeeb ib txwm haus luam yeeb.
Hais txog cov pa ua pa, tsoos luam yeeb yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau cov kab mob ntsws uas siv hluav taws xob ntsig txog kev ua pa hluav taws xob ntsig txog kev ua pa hluav taws xob. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua los ntawm Royal Collegores ntawm cov kws kho mob ntawm Tebchaws Askiv rau hauv lub tebchaws Log, thiab lawv cov tsos mob hnoos qeev tau muaj kwv yees li 60%.
Cov neeg noj qab haus huv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov luam yeeb hauv hluav taws xob yuav nyob hauv lawv lub peev xwm ua lwm yam kev xaiv ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab raws li kev haus luam yeeb. Tebchaws Askiv yog ib lub teb chaws sawv cev uas tau koom nrog cov luam yeeb hauv hluav taws xob rau hauv nws cov kev lag luam luam yeeb. Cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Raws li kev txheeb cais los ntawm National Service Service (NHS) ntawm kev siv luam yeeb hauv hluav taws xob yog 59.4% thiab tsis muaj kev haus luam yeeb ntawm 7.5%. Lub teb chaws xws li New Zealand thiab Canada muaj kuj tau txais cov luam yeeb zoo sib xws, koom nrog kev phom sij rau hauv lawv cov luam yeeb tswj.
Hauv Suav teb, qhov xwm txheej yog qhov nyuaj dua. Cov kev tswj hwm hloov kho "ntawm kev ua luam yeeb ntawm cov neeg ua luam yeeb hauv xeev" hauv 2021. Raws li kev txheeb luam yeeb hauv xeev Nrog kev muag khoom txhua xyoo ntim ntawm kwv yees li 45 billion yuan. Kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev tau qhia tau tias tsuas yog 27% ntawm Suav luam yeeb hauv cov neeg haus luam yeeb. Qhov kev faib ua feem no yog qhov qis dua 68% {-73% nyob rau hauv European thiab Asmeskas cov teb chaws hluav taws xob hauv Suav teb tau ntau tshaj li cov cuab yeej rau kev txiav luam yeeb.
Qhov teeb meem ntawm cov hluas 'kev siv ntawm E-luam yeeb tseem yog kev tsom xam ntawm txhua tog. Daim ntawv tshuaj ntsuam no tso tawm los ntawm Suav chaw rau tus kab mob tswj thiab kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog {3,3% siv cov luam yeeb ib txwm ib txhij. Cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Asmeskas cov chaw rau cov kab mob kev tswj hwm thiab kev tiv thaiv tau qhia tias kev siv cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab hauv xyoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ntawm Nicotine tau tsim.
Kev cuam tshuam kev noj qab haus huv ntawm nicotine nws tus kheej feem ntau tsis meej pem zoo li. Txawm hais tias Nicotine yog yam ntxiv, nws tsis yog lub ntsiab ua ntawm cov luam yeeb ib txwm uas ua rau mob khees xaws thiab kab mob. Xib fwb John Britton, tus thawj coj tshawb fawb txog Nicotine, thaum cov pa roj carbon monoxide) yog cov neeg tua neeg mob ntsws Qhov no yog vim li cas cov kev kho mob rau Nicotine (xws li thaj pos hniav zoo nkauj thiab cov pos hniav) tau lees txais txoj kev nyab xeeb rau kev txiav luam yeeb.
Hais txog qhov teeb meem ntawm cov pa luam yeeb hauv hluav taws xob, kev tshawb fawb tau luam tawm hauv cov duab luam yeeb hauv cov pa luam yeeb hauv cov pa luam yeeb Txawm hais tias nws tsis yog tsis muaj mob, nws qib pa paug nyob ib puag ncig yog qhov qis dua li qhov kev haus luam yeeb.
Hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm cov ntaub ntawv scientific, cov lus thov uas E-luam yeeb yog "ntau dua li kev ua yeeb yaj kiab tsoos" yog kom meej meej tsis meej. Xws li "lus xaiv-style nrov science" tsis yog txwv tsis pub haus cov neeg haus luam yeeb, tsis ncaj ncees rau kev ua kom muaj kev phom sij ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb.
Ntawm chav kawm, muaj kev muaj kuab tshuaj ntawm e-luam yeeb kuj yuav tsum tsis txhob mus rau lwm yam huab - txhawb lawv cov khoom lag luam tsis zoo li tsis muaj teeb meem. E-luam yeeb ua rau qee yam kev pheej hmoo noj qab haus huv, tshwj xeeb rau cov uas tsis tau siv cov khoom lag luam zoo ua ntej. Cov lus qhia los ntawm kev tshawb fawb cancer UK yog tej zaum qhov kev pheej yig: "rau cov tub ntxhais noj haus huv, tshwj xeeb yog txo qis kev siv nicotine txhua."
Cov txheej txheem kev cai ntawm ntau lub tebchaws rau E-luam yeeb tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam txog txoj kev ntsuas no. Lub UK ua ntej txhawb nqa E-luam yeeb yog cov cuab yeej siv tshuab luam yeeb, tab sis nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub muaj cov menyuam yaus; New Zealand suav nrog E-luam yeeb mus rau hauv nws txoj "xaus luam yeeb" "; Thaum lub tebchaws zoo li Tuam Tshoj thiab Asmeskas tau txais ib qho kev tswj hwm ntau dua, hais txog kev tiv thaiv e-luam yeeb siv rau cov hluas. Cov kev sib txawv no tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev nkag siab sib txawv ntawm kev tswj luam yeeb thiab E-luam yeeb raug rho tawm ntawm cov teb chaws sib txawv.
Cov xeeb ceem ntawm cov kws kho mob rau E-luam yeeb yog maj converging rau hauv kev pom zoo. Nyob rau hauv nws cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv 2024, Asmeskas haiv neeg ntawm kev kho mob rau kev haus luam yeeb mus rau E-luam yeeb tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev phom sij rau E-luam yeeb tej zaum yuav txo qis kev pheej hmoo txaus ntshai. " Lub Chaw Tshawb Fawb Kev Pab Cuam German German "cov kev cai sib txawv", tau ua rau muaj kev coj ua kev ua yeeb yam raws txoj kev haus luam yeeb thiab e-luam yeeb, xav txog lawv cov qib sib txawv.
Cov kev paub ntawm cov neeg siv dog dig rau ntawm social media tseem muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Tus neeg siv nrog 50, {{{1} Cov thwjtim ntawm Weibo sib koom ua luam yeeb tom qab siv tau ntau xyoo, thiab kuv lub ntsws ua haujlwm zoo rov qab ntau. " Ntawm chav kawm, tseem muaj cov lus tsis zoo: "Tom qab sim luam yeeb, Kuv tau siv ob qho khoom lag luam ib txhij, thiab kuv nicotine rau ntau dua." Cov kev paub tseeb no nco ntsoov nco ntsoov tias txhua tus neeg yuav sib txawv, thiab cov tshuaj yeeb hauv hluav taws xob tsis yog lub ntiaj teb daws teeb meem rau txhua tus.
Tshawb nrhiav cov kev sib piv ntawm cov kev phom sij ntawm e-luam yeeb thiab cov tshuaj txhuam hniav ib txwm tsis yog los tawm tsam kev siv nicotine, tab sis kom ua tau cov lus sib tham tau raws cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj scientific. Hauv kev teb cov pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv, cov ntaub ntawv raug thiab muaj tseeb yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Seb nws yog "lus xaiv-cov nrov tshaj plaws-kev ua haujlwm nrov" uas ua lag luam tsis quav ntsej txog lawv cov kev pheej hmoo rau cov pej xeem ua cov kev xaiv ntse.
Qhov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws yuav tsum tsis txhob siv cov luam yeeb lossis cov khoom lag luam nicotine txhua lub sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov neeg haus luam yeeb uas twb tau quav ntxiv lawm, xaiv cov kev xaiv ua phem tsawg dua yuav yog qhov muaj kev pheej hmoo txaus ntshai. Kev noj qab haus huv kev noj qab haus huv yuav tsum tau tawm tsam kev sib npaug ntawm cov hom phiaj zoo thiab qhov ua tau zoo, thiab qhov sib npaug no yuav tsum yog ua raws kev tshawb fawb ntau dua li kev xav.
